Article
Advancing Formative Measurement Models
Abstract
Formative measurement models were first introduced in the literature more than forty years ago and the discussion about their methodological
contribution has been increasing since the 1990s. However, the use of formative indicators for construct measurement in empirical studies is still scarce. This paper seeks to encourage the thoughtful application of formative models by (a) highlighting the potential consequences of measurement model misspecification, and (b) providing a state-of-the art review of key issues in the formative measurement literature.