Logistics of transport systems is a key driver for the growth of whatever economy. Freight transport allows production systems or common citizens to receive or send materials or finished goods required by processes as well as by everyday life However, the overall transport sector accounts worldwide for more than half of global liquid fossil fuels consumptions which, in turn, is responsible for …
This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decr…