The purpose of this paper is to examine how goal achievement and goal exceedance influence the aspects of loyalty in logistics outsourcing relationships. Specifically, it aims to develop and test a model of customer loyalty across two cultures to determine if dedicated strategies for building loyalty are required.
The purpose of this paper is to establish a scale for the measurement of proactive improvement, in general, and then more specifically in terms of cost- and service-focused improvement in logistics outsourcing arrangements.