Althougha‘blue’ArcticOceanispredictedinthesummertimetooccurfromthemiddleofthiscentury, currentratesofwarmingindicateanearlierrealization.Also,routesalongthecoastofSiberiawillbe navigablemuchearlier.However,beforetheArcticroutescanreliablybeusedonalargescalefor transitbyshippingalongitspassages,moreinvestmentsarerequiredoninfrastructureandthe provisionofmarineservicestoensurethesafeandsecure…