Current globalization and borderless operations in manufacturing are creating a greater demand for international transportation and supply chain logistics. Maritime (shipping and ports) is one of the key components in this business pattern. It is now estimated that approximately 90% of global trading freight moves by ship. As this trade increases it is becoming more important to have a clear un…
This Chapter provides information on the full range of shipboard operations, including loading and discharging of cargo, hose clearing, tank cleaning and gas freeing, ballasting, tanker-to-tanker transfers and mooring. The Chapter also includes information on the safe handling of particular cargoes, such as static accumulator oils, those having a high vapour pressure and those containing hydr…
The goal of this paper is to discuss the functions of a port hinterland, perform comparative analysis of existing port-type FTZ regulations and systems in Taiwan and Korea based on a port hinterland perspective, and provide recommendations concerning relevant policies and measures to government. This paper’s findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Existing container terminals in Taiwan co…
APL is currently ranked the 12th larg es t containers hip operator g lobally by French cons ultancy Alphaliner. The container s hipping brand of Sing apore-bas ed Neptune Orient Lines (NOL) operates 9 0 ves s els . NOL was formed in 19 6 8 and as s umed its current form in 19 9 7 by merg ing with American Pres ident Lines (APL). NOL is the holding company lis ted on the Sing apore Stock Exchang…
This paper explores the current feature of the service provision in the shipping industry and contributes to a more thorough understanding of the industry. A questionnaire was developed to examine the performance of service providers assessed by international shippers in the UK and South Korea. We find that British shippers are more likely to be satisfied with the diversified service provision …
This paper explores the current feature of the service provision in the shipping industry and contributes to a more thorough understanding of the industry. A questionnaire was developed to examine the performance of service providers assessed by international shippers in the UK and South Korea. We find that British shippers are more likely to be satisfied with the diversified service provision …
This paper is part of a study of employee engagement and its relationship with seafarer safety, performance and retention. This section focuses on the impact of seafarer turnover, identifies and understands drivers of retention and their relevance in shipping, and explores the relationship of engagement with retention. It determines the correlation between retention and engagement and analyses …
Despite their high economic importance, academic research has granted KG funds only marginal attention. A main reason is the lack of reliable performance data due to non-observable market prices during the lifetime of a KG fund. In order to measure the performance of KG funds, we construct an index using a database of more than 300 German one-ship companies during the sample period from Decembe…
Hipping is the most popular method of transporting goods today, with around 90% of all freight transported across the oceans and through man-made waterways. Now, you can find out everything about seafreight forwarding in this comprehensive volume that explains the working of the industry, including up-to-date information on liability, cargo handling, tariffs and hardware such as the different t…
This book gives readers a visual representation of all elements of maritime transport which relate to the handling and movement of cargo. This is particularly for the benefit of shore-based personnel who often do not get the opportunity to see first-hand how the cargoes they are working on are handled and moved. The book covers: • Ship types and the parts of ships relating to the handling and…
The contenst of the book "encyclopedia of shipping law sources" consist of three part: Part I section A Statutes Part II section B statutory instruments Part III section C other materials Part IV section D Cases Part V Index
Directory content about important addresses, message and comment, regulation, basic information on Indonesia, shipping, shipyards and repairs, port-data, banks, timber, foreign embassies in Indonesia, kadin indonesias representatives abroad, and miscellanoes.
The Shippping Statistics Yearbook 1987 as a comprehensive reference source contains statistical information derived and compiled from numerous different sources. The special topics dealing with Analysis of total world merchant fleet, land-up and broken-up tonnage as well as special fleets Key figures on world seaborne trade and world trade development Detailed overview on nearly 30 major com…
The book is yearbook 1990. contents this book abaut supply of shipping services, demand for shipping services, shipsailing data, supply / demand belance, freight market, country reports and shipbuilding.
The yearbook contains statistical indicators derived and compiled from numerous different sources. Every effort has been to provide a collection of data relevant to the analysis of developments within each of the following markets. Shipping, Shipbuilding, ports and sea canals.
The shipping industry has an impact on each and every one of us every day. Ships transport the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the cars we drive, the materials used to build our homes, and the fuel that heats them. Yet traditional shipping companies - ones that combine various aspects of shipping under one organizational roof - are on the decline. They are gradually being replaced by new, mor…
This book describe about the case law in time charters in a way which will help those engaged in chartering and operating ships to refer to the leading authorities on any particular point of doubt as quickly and easily as possible. The contents of the book is formation of the contract, parties to the contract, description of the ship, terms of the contract, remedies for breach of contract, wai…
This book is written to guide the student through the various and extensive subjects connected with Shipping, without a deep treatment of the law, and the compilation has been arranged in a progressive order of study and as far as is possible within the scope of the volume, covers the necesssary subjects for the Institute of Charreted Shipbokers. This book contains The Shipping Company, The Sh…
The contenst of the book consist of three part: Part I ("Sale, Mortgage and Lien") has been in view of the replacement of the Sale of Gooda Act. To this Part has been added Paccinini v. Partrederiet Trigon II: The "Alfred Trigon" which concerned the meaning of the words "free of average damage affecting class. Part II ("Carriage of Goods by Sea") are A/S Awilco v. Fulvia S.p.A di Navigazione …
On ship-tracking Web sites, the waters are black with dots. Each dot is a ship; each ship is laden with boxes; each box is laden with goods. In postindustrial economies, we no longer produce but buy, and so we must ship. Without shipping there would be no clothes, food, paper, or fuel. Without all those dots, the world would not work. Yet freight shipping is all but invisible. Away from publ…
This paper aims to, using the example of the highly globalised shipping industry, shed light upon the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the extent to which it might be relied upon to fill international regulatory gaps.
This research aims to examine the effects of national culture and leadership style on safety performance in bulk shipping companies. Survey data collected from 322 respondents working in dry bulk carriers was used, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of national culture and leadership styles (i.e. transformational, passive management, and contingent reward) on …
Althougha‘blue’ArcticOceanispredictedinthesummertimetooccurfromthemiddleofthiscentury, currentratesofwarmingindicateanearlierrealization.Also,routesalongthecoastofSiberiawillbe navigablemuchearlier.However,beforetheArcticroutescanreliablybeusedonalargescalefor transitbyshippingalongitspassages,moreinvestmentsarerequiredoninfrastructureandthe provisionofmarineservicestoensurethesafeandsecure…
Since the decline in sea ice north of Russia became clear in the early 1990s, ideas of using the northern route for sea transport between Europe and Asia have taken a hold of the shipping community. Large and small research projects with varying complexity and results have looked into this option. In this article, the available information is studied in detail and four scenarios for the costs a…
Despite the rapid economic growth in the Yangtze River Delta area, the Yangtze River itself is lagging behind as measured by the ratio of container volume to total freight volume. According to the Ministry of Communications’ statistics, more than 70% of cargoes generated in the Yangtze Valley are suitable for containerized transport, but, at this time, only a fraction of these cargoes are act…
This article considers thc perennial topic of how to achieve an equilibrium balance between stability and competition in intermodal shipping. It argues that competition is becoming destructive, but that the imbalance is difficult to correct in a climate where competitive pressures are strong everywhere and restraints on competition are unfashionable. In this context, pricing of intermodal servi…
Returns to scale are important in container shipping; service operators are continuing to increase the size of their vessels. Mr Seok-Min Lim's article 'Economies of container ship size' (Maritime Policy and Management, 21 (2) pages 149-160.1994) uses a sample of transpacific voyages to evaluate the effect of vessel scale on revenue and cost. Although the results are inconclusive, his study is…
This paper investigates opportunities for increased profit and reduced emissions and cost by service differentiation within container shipping. Traditionally the strategy among the container lines has been profit maximization by utilizing economies of scale through the building of larger and faster vessels. In 2008, the financial crisis in combination with higher fuel prices put an end to this …
This paper presents a simple formulation in the form of a pipe network for modelling the global container-shipping network. The cost-efficiency and movement-patterns of the current container-shipping network have been investigated using heuristic methods. The model is able to reproduce the overall incomes, costs, and container movement patterns for the industry as well as for the individual shi…
This paper discusses the needs and possibilities of widening the traditional perspective through which shipping investment decisions are taken by embedding them in a multicriteria environment. The set off point has been the frequent observation that a shipping decision maker (DM) faced with ship investment decision-making is influenced by factors that are not clearly financial or cannot be easi…
This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decr…
This paper evaluates the impact of risk factors from the container security initiative on Taiwan’s shipping industry by employing a risk management matrix to identify the severity and frequency of CSI risk factors, and discovers some appropriate risk management alternatives. This paper’s findings are as follows: (1) The majority of risk factors have a moderate-risk level, and possible alte…
Coastal shipping is one of the most sustainable and economically competitive modes of transportation. This study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to determine the importance of various factors influencing container carriers’ use of coastal shipping. A three-level hierarchical structure with the 17 attributes is proposed and tested. A previous AHP survey in Taiwan has indica…
This paper addresses empty container reposition planning by plainly considering safety stock management and geographical regions. This plan could avoid drawback in practice which collects mass empty containers at a port then repositions most empty containers at a time. Empty containers occupy slots on vessel and the liner shipping company loses chance to yield freight revenue. The problem is dr…
Very large container ships are being built with the theoretical justification that they will produce economies of scale. It is clear, however. that the immediate result of the mega-ship buildings is an overtonnaging of the world's major liner routes. As major operators have put newer and bigger ships in the water, they have significantly reduced the slot costs in the container trades to which t…
The research focuses on the impact of the shipping strategy to decrease the commercial speed of container vessels, in order to reduce the bunker costs, on current service patterns. In this regard, the study also hypothesizes potential development trends in the near future. The reduction of the commercial speed, commonly referred to as “slow steaming,” has been introduced to mitigate the neg…
The paper analyzes factors affecting the competitiveness of Asian container terminals by including quantitative as well as qualitative factors such as operating capacity, convenient facilities, electronic documents handling capacity and connectivity to hinterland. I provide evidence that those factors have a nonnegligible role as to competitiveness of container terminals. The paper applies a pa…
Despite the prevalence of its use, very little is understood about the role of electronic commerce (EC) practice on the strategic management of container shipping companies. Four case studies were undertaken to assess the main uses, motivations, barriers and strategic relevance of EC in the container shipping industry between 1992 and 2002. The cases studies included one large, one medium and o…
Unmanned autonomous ships are seen as a key element of a competitive and sustainable European shipping industry in future. But even if the technology to further automate ships will principally be available at some point, this does not imply that autonomous vessels are also the superior choice for the ship owner. In the end the success of autonomous vessels depends on their impact on the profita…
The world bulk shipping market has been in a peak period since 2003, and this has lasted an incredibly long time considering that the markets are much more complex than before. This paper investigates the characteristics of volatility in dry bulk freight rates of different vessel sizes (capesize, panamax and handysize). The daily returns of freight rate indices of three different types of bulk …
A firm's logistics cost, including shipping and inventory-carrying, is a substantial percentage of its sales. Nevertheless, typical inventory-control methods ignore or insufficiently represent the shipping cost. This paper describes a recursive algorithm that determines the reorder cycle-time that minimizes total logistics cost. It allows for a realistic accounting of shipping cost, which is mo…
This paper describes in detail the award process of the concession for a large container terminal in the port of Rotterdam. This process can be termed competitive bidding, and differs from a tender because of the frequent interaction between the Port of Rotterdam Authority and the candidates. The competitive bidding process is a potentially attractive form in which to grant concessions, if ther…
The purpose of this paper is to recount the history of the marketing of the maritime passenger industry (known today as the cruise industry). This is a unique industry that has survived and thrived for almost 175 years despite dramatic environmental changes. This history focuses on passenger shipping in and out of the USA first from/to European ports, later focusing on cruises from the USA to t…
This chapter reviews and analyses the contemporary development of liner shipping, port development and competition. It begins with a comprehensive review on the latest developmental trends of liner shipping and business strategies, as well as their impacts on port development and competition. Then, it discusses the responses of ports, past, present and (likely) future, in addressing these new d…
This chapter discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the context of the container liner shipping industry. It looks at the current practice of CSR in this industry and outlines the framework, the reasons and the drivers for companies to adopt and implement a CSR strategy. These include, among others, the increasing commitment to fostering CSR in the private sector …
The concept of sea–river shipping is simple: a single vessel sails both coastal and inland waters. Thus, seaport transhipment is avoided resulting in lower transport costs. However, this concept is limited to certain transport waterways. On the Rhoˆne–Saoˆne corridor, sea– river shipping can directly connect inland ports with Mediterranean seaports. The absence of transhipment raises th…