The paper analyzes factors affecting the competitiveness of Asian container terminals by including quantitative as well as qualitative factors such as operating capacity, convenient facilities, electronic documents handling capacity and connectivity to hinterland. I provide evidence that those factors have a nonnegligible role as to competitiveness of container terminals. The paper applies a pa…
Despite the prevalence of its use, very little is understood about the role of electronic commerce (EC) practice on the strategic management of container shipping companies. Four case studies were undertaken to assess the main uses, motivations, barriers and strategic relevance of EC in the container shipping industry between 1992 and 2002. The cases studies included one large, one medium and o…
Unmanned autonomous ships are seen as a key element of a competitive and sustainable European shipping industry in future. But even if the technology to further automate ships will principally be available at some point, this does not imply that autonomous vessels are also the superior choice for the ship owner. In the end the success of autonomous vessels depends on their impact on the profita…
The world bulk shipping market has been in a peak period since 2003, and this has lasted an incredibly long time considering that the markets are much more complex than before. This paper investigates the characteristics of volatility in dry bulk freight rates of different vessel sizes (capesize, panamax and handysize). The daily returns of freight rate indices of three different types of bulk …
A firm's logistics cost, including shipping and inventory-carrying, is a substantial percentage of its sales. Nevertheless, typical inventory-control methods ignore or insufficiently represent the shipping cost. This paper describes a recursive algorithm that determines the reorder cycle-time that minimizes total logistics cost. It allows for a realistic accounting of shipping cost, which is mo…
This paper describes in detail the award process of the concession for a large container terminal in the port of Rotterdam. This process can be termed competitive bidding, and differs from a tender because of the frequent interaction between the Port of Rotterdam Authority and the candidates. The competitive bidding process is a potentially attractive form in which to grant concessions, if ther…
The purpose of this paper is to recount the history of the marketing of the maritime passenger industry (known today as the cruise industry). This is a unique industry that has survived and thrived for almost 175 years despite dramatic environmental changes. This history focuses on passenger shipping in and out of the USA first from/to European ports, later focusing on cruises from the USA to t…
This chapter reviews and analyses the contemporary development of liner shipping, port development and competition. It begins with a comprehensive review on the latest developmental trends of liner shipping and business strategies, as well as their impacts on port development and competition. Then, it discusses the responses of ports, past, present and (likely) future, in addressing these new d…
This chapter discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the context of the container liner shipping industry. It looks at the current practice of CSR in this industry and outlines the framework, the reasons and the drivers for companies to adopt and implement a CSR strategy. These include, among others, the increasing commitment to fostering CSR in the private sector …
The concept of sea–river shipping is simple: a single vessel sails both coastal and inland waters. Thus, seaport transhipment is avoided resulting in lower transport costs. However, this concept is limited to certain transport waterways. On the Rhoˆne–Saoˆne corridor, sea– river shipping can directly connect inland ports with Mediterranean seaports. The absence of transhipment raises th…
The objective of this study is to estimate the atmospheric emissions by international merchant shipping of carbondioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) during 1 year in the Belgian part of the North Sea, including the four Belgian seaports: Antwerp, Ghent, Ostend and Zeebrugge. The estimated emissions are based on a bottom-up, activity-based methodology (Group 1), coveri…
Container ports provide the primary interface where physical exchange between buyers and sellers of containerised shipping capacity can be consolidated and realised. Consequently, ports that are able to complement and add value to the objectives of shipping lines and shippers will become focal points for containerised cargo flows. To evaluate container port competition, the authors propose a pr…
Since the beginning of the 20th century, the principal commercial maritime routes have changed very little. With global warming, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) has opened up as a possible avenue of trade in containerized products between Asia and Europe. This paper verifies the technical and economic feasibility of regular container transport along the NSR. By adopting a model schedule between Sh…
The continuing growth of international container trade has created capacity problems at major US ports, and the truck-based freight transportation has caused a deterioration of traffic congestion on important US transportation corridors. Using inland and coastal waterways, short sea shipping (SSS) can provide an improvement to these problems. Furthermore, SSS offers many additional benefits for…
This chapter reviews and analyses the contemporary development of liner shipping, port development and competition. It begins with a comprehensive review on the latest developmental trends of liner shipping and business strategies, as well as their impacts on port development and competition. Then, it discusses the responses of ports, past, present and (likely) future, in addressing these new d…
This paper demonstrates that the structure of ocean container freight rates has become more complex. A growing number of surcharges are being imposed by the carriers on their customers, surcharges that are not only adding significant extra costs but are highly variable over time. These elements are examined based on a data set on export rates from ports on the Northern European Range that have …
The author, Peter Levesque, has over 20 years of international transportation and logistics experience and has been working in Hong Kong since 1996. Prior to joining Modern Terminals, he served at several management positions including American President Lines, DHL’s Supply Chain in Asia Pacific, CEVA Logistics, and co-founded a 3PL company, V-Logic Limited, in 2001. He also served as an Adju…
The paper investigates collaborative and semantic patterns that emerged between 1967 and 2013 about the theme of container shipping based on a corpus of 294 articles published in scholarly journals within the fields of transportation, supply chain, economics, geography, regional planning and development, and operations research. An analysis based on the cooccurrence of title words allows identi…
A strategy to revitalize coastal shipping within Great Britain is investigated. An examination of the regulatory environment shows government, at both the EU and British levels, aware of the environmental bene®ts of coastal shipping compared to road freight transport, if only mildly supportive in tangible terms. The geography of Great Britain and the modern preference for just-in-time deliveri…
In the study I examine the relationship between corporate governance and consolidation strategies for shipping firms. The analysis is focused on the ownership structure and corporate governance power which are supposed to influence the consolidation strategies. I investigate M&As and global alliances occurred during 2006-2007 fiscal years in maritime industry. In the empirical study, I find tha…
In the world’s great seaport cities, the offices of steamship lines were seldom far from the docks. Intuitively, workers in the port community could identify a waterfront and near-waterfront domain where most of their daily affairs with ships and cargoes occurred. This we have called the shipping district. It was a distinct but not an exclusive domain, since it was shared by other commercial …
Reduction of Fuel Subsidies Will Lower Growth In Short Term A key development in June has prompted BMI to revise its economic outlook for Indonesia this year. On June 22 the government raised the prices of subsidised premium petrol and diesel by 44.4% and 22.2% respectively. This led to an inflation spike (the annual rate of inflation rose to 8.6% in July) and to a tightening of monetary policy…
With both economic growth and foreign trade activity gathering pace moderately in 2015, we expect activity levels at Indonesia's main ports to grow. But there will be leads and lags, with some short-term weaknesses in freight demand recovering later in the year. Growth will not be uniform. At the port of Tanjung Priok cargo handled will rise more rapidly than in 2014, with expansion in the 3-6%…
With both economic growth and foreign trade activity gathering pace moderately in 2015, we expect activity levels at Indonesia's main ports to grow. But there will be leads and lags, with some short-term weaknesses in freight demand recovering later in the year. Growth will not be uniform. At the port of Tanjung Priok cargo handled will rise more rapidly than in 2014, with expansion in the 3-6%…
Our outlook for the Indonesian economy remains unchanged since our last quarterly report. BMI continues to forecast GDP growth of 6.1% in 2013, rising to 6.4% in 2014. The big driver of this growth is domestic consumer spending, which represents around 55% of GDP. Coupled with good fundamentals and gradual improvements in the operating environment as a result of government reforms, this has giv…
In 2009 BMI believes that throughput trends at Indonesia's ports will follow the pattern of the country's trade sector. We predict that both imports and exports will fall by 9.5 percent in 2009. A recovery is set to begin in 2010, with total trade forecast to increase by 9%. An average yearly growth of 10.2% between 2011 and 2013 is predicted.
We are expecting activity at Indonesia's main ports to be positive and broadly comparable to last year, with growth of cargo handled ranging roughly between 3% and 8%. Of particular interest to the bulk shipping sector is the fate of the government's existing ban on the export of unprocessed mineral ores. The Constitutional Court upheld the ban in December, but there have been some signs that t…
We are expecting activity at Indonesia's main ports to be positive and broadly comparable to last year, with growth of cargo handled ranging roughly between 3% and 8%. Of particular interest to the bulk shipping sector is the fate of the government's existing ban on the export of unprocessed mineral ores. The Constitutional Court upheld the ban in December, but there have been some signs that t…
Since our last quarterly shipping report, we have become more optimistic about Indonesia's macroeconomic outlook in 2013. With the US, Europe, and China looking at economic rebounds of differing intensities, the external environment has become more favourable. After a tough year in 2012 the global mining industry is looking more upbeat, with key metal commodity prices likely to improve. While w…
Indonesia is growing strongly in 2012, despite the recessionary trends in the world economy. BMI believes expansion is driven by the healthy state of the country's large internal market, its solid banking system, and various other factors such as its diversified exports (commodities and manufactures). The economy remained dynamic in 2011, and in 2012 we expect it to continue to push ahead. This…
The shipping industry entered 2009 in a state of crisis. All shipping sectors had been hit hard, with the dry bulk sector struggling to recover from a plunge in November 2008 that took the Baltic Dry Index to a nine-year low. Rumours persisted that containers were being shipped for a little as US$200 and that the only thing keeping the liquid bulk sector afloat was that tankers were being used …