This research aims to examine the effects of national culture and leadership style on safety performance in bulk shipping companies. Survey data collected from 322 respondents working in dry bulk carriers was used, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of national culture and leadership styles (i.e. transformational, passive management, and contingent reward) on …
Since the decline in sea ice north of Russia became clear in the early 1990s, ideas of using the northern route for sea transport between Europe and Asia have taken a hold of the shipping community. Large and small research projects with varying complexity and results have looked into this option. In this article, the available information is studied in detail and four scenarios for the costs a…
This paper shows the possibility that, as a simple average, BDI occasionally over- or under-states the status of global dry bulk freight market. In order to overcome this shortcoming, this paper suggests an alternative method of calculating new index by using a common stochastic trend model. This econometric approach to understanding the dynamics of dry bulk freight markets not only provides ne…
The world bulk shipping market has been in a peak period since 2003, and this has lasted an incredibly long time considering that the markets are much more complex than before. This paper investigates the characteristics of volatility in dry bulk freight rates of different vessel sizes (capesize, panamax and handysize). The daily returns of freight rate indices of three different types of bulk …
One result of the continuing current competitive environment in Australia is cost pressure on the supply of manufacturing commodities such as anhydrous sodium sulphate. Commodity suppliers do not have much scope for providing value-added services. Anhydrous sodium sulphate, for example, is mostly brought to the customer’s attention when negative service characteristics occur – stocks run lo…
A multi-purpose cargo terminal in a seaport contains necessary infrastructure to handle different types of cargo, such as container, dry bulk, general bulk, and Ro-Ro. Since such terminals generally have dedicated areas and equipment for different types of cargo, berth, and yard operations for each type of cargo can be considered separate. On the other hand, trucks that carry all types of cargo…
The purpose of this study is to determine the most often preferred charter types by Turkish general cargo and dry bulk shipowners and investigate the criteria which affect and determine the selection of charter types. In the study, the methodology utilized constitutes literature review, in-depth interview and survey. The data gained through the survey was processed, through which the means wer…
Contrary to liner shipping, common shipping network patterns are difficult to organize in tramp shipping as origin and destination ports are irregular and they may change based on shippers’ demands. Unlike liner shipping whereas the choice of ports is strongly related to their geographical locations among other factors and a topic of much research in the contemporary literature, the geographi…
A dry bulk terminal acts as a multi-modal interface for transhipping iron ores. Stacker reclaimers are the dedicated equipments in storage yard for iron ore handling. Both unloading and loading processes are supported by stackerreclaimers in most cases. The operation efficiency of dry terminals heavily depends on the productivity of stackerreclaimers. This paper discusses the stacker-reclaimer …
Contrary to liner shipping, common shipping network patterns are difficult to organize in tramp shipping as origin and destination ports are irregular and they may change based on shippers’ demands. Unlike liner shipping whereas the choice of ports is strongly related to their geographical locations among other factors and a topic of much research in the contemporary literature, the geographi…
Containerization of bulk cargo has gradually emerged in recent decades, particularly along the US–East Asia trade route (China, Japan and South Korea). One of the background factors in the emergence of this phenomenon is an imbalance between eastbound and westbound container cargo movements along this route. Nonetheless, the factors that affect containerization have not yet been identified. W…
Since the late 1980s the ILO has supported the implementation of effective portworker training through the provision of generic training materials under its Portworker Development Programme (PDP). The programme is to be extended to include the major dry bulk trades, initially focusing on iron ore, coal and phosphate rock. In 2010 a study was conducted to gain an understanding of the organisatio…
During the last 20 years, the reefer shipping sector has been characterised by a gradual changing process, leading from specialised vessels to reefer containers. In fact, the reefer bulk fleet has experienced an irreversible decline, while the reefer container fleet has shown a continuous growth. This article investigates the current major factors shaping the reefer shipping industry, in order …
This paper analyses the international grain trade flow by using the gravity equation of trade. On the basis of microeconomic theory and the new trade theory, the gravity equation of trade is used to examine grain exports and imports between pairs of countries. One of the main purposes of this paper is to examine how the grain trade is affected by economic factors, population, and country develo…