The BLCH Guide was developed to provide a basic yet comprehensive and practical guideline, covering all aspects of typical chemical tank terminal activities, from basic design and layout to the ongoing safe and efficient operation, maintenance and management of the facility. View further information at our dedicated website www.chemicalhandling.org
The rapid development in container terminal ports in providing efficient and effective services and high port productivity are necessary nowadays. It is happen as current demands from new generation of container vessels are an indicator to the container terminal operators how serious international trade via sea. This work shares scenario of service time at container terminal as a sign of its pe…
Following from the success of the first edition, written by a collection of eminent figures in the field, this new edition continues to look at the rational planning for port facilities requirements (berths, storage and cargo handling equipment), organisations, management and operations with relation to planning and design of ports and marine terminals.
As a facility with high capital investment, container terminal tends to be operated with maximum capacity by using high utilization of facilities and equipment rather than a proper throughput. However, a high utilization is leading to the ships waiting time and as consequence lowering the service level. Therefore a study is needed to determine the proper capacity by considering the interest of …
This book presents new insights and successful solutions to the operational problems of automated container terminals and cargo systems. It comprises reports on the state of the art, applications of quantitative methods, as well as case studies and simulation results. Its contributions are written by leading experts from academia and business and address practitioners and researchers in logisti…
The United States Government Printing Office (GPO) was created in June 1860, and is an agency of the the U.S. federal government based in Washington D.C. The office prints documents produced by and for the federal government, including Congress, the Supreme Court, the Executive Office of the President and other executive departments, and independent agencies. The Coastal Zone Information Cente…
Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
The marine transportation of oil is also a vital artery linking production areas to refineries. And so, the purpose and aim of this book has been to present and examine some of the most important parts of oil-tanker transportation in order that the transportation of oil from production field to refinery be evaluated systematically.
This book will allow oil transportation analysts to evaluat…
Globalization has drastically increased the amount of trade between different nations and this has lead to an exponential growth in shipping activities around the world. As a result, many container terminals are struggling to cope with this new surge of containers moving through their yards. Numerous container terminals are looking at the possibility of automating their container terminal so as…
The globalization of trade has lead to an enormous growth in sea transportation over the last years. A great majority of general cargo is containerized and handled in container terminals, which are essential hubs in sea transportation systems. The potential of cost saving in a container terminal is large and the workflow of a container terminal has to be very efficient. The focus of this book l…
Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay …
Despite an increasing number of studies on the efficiency of container terminals, their focus has mostly been on advanced and emerging markets. There are limited studies on container terminals in developing countries such as those of the Middle Eastern region, which are located in a critical geographic position in the international maritime route between the East and the West. Information on th…
This paper considers a scheduling problem motivated by transshipment terminals. Trucks delivering or picking up items at the terminal have to be sequenced. Here, inventory constraints must be considered, that is the current inventory level implied by initial inventory level, total pick up quantity up to this moment and total delivery quantity up to this moment must not be negative and must not …
Income from leasing container terminals and terminal facilities over the last 15 years has risen from miniscule levels to a point where it now represents a majority of the total income at some us ports [l]. This paper reviews the methods used to lease container terminals and terminal facilities, examines the leasing methodologies and pricing approaches used by us public port authorities, and di…
In this paper a project undertaken by the author is described to illustrate modifications which may be necessary to the type of analysis given in an earlier paper [I] when difficulties arise from various practical considerations. The problem examined deals with the installation of unloading facilities at a purpose-built iron ore terminal at a'steelworks. However, some of the data quoted has bee…
The two main value propositions in international container transport are ‘port-to-port’ services and ‘door-to-door’ services. In port-to-port services, buyers ‘just’ purchase maritime transport from a shipping line. Door-to-door services comprise the total transport chain and include land-based transport. Carriers as well as forwarders offer these door-to-door services. In this pape…
The paper discusses how logistics service providers are using terminals in their supply chains. It argues that an increasing ‘terminalization’ of supply chains is unfolding, whereby seaport and inland terminals are taking up a more active role in supply chains by increasingly confronting market players with operational considerations such as imposing berthing windows, dwell time charges, tr…
It is now over 25 years since the widespread concessioning of container terminals began. This article examines the impact of concessioning on the balance between public and private sector control, the use of competitive tendering to assign concessions, the structure of the Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to which concessions were originally awarded, and the way in which the ownership of these S…
The paper explores the evolving relationship between the port and terminal industry and the financial sector. Since the financial industry has taken an active role in global economic affairs, understanding global trade and transportation requires more than ever a perspective about financial issues and their impacts on transport operations. Paradoxically, the recent analytical emphasis on the st…
The terminal and stevedoring industry has expanded substantially in recent years with the emergence of global container terminal operators controlling large multinational portfolios of terminal assets. This paper deals with the emerging corporate geography in the container terminal industry with issues related to the similarities or differences among terminal locations, the processes leading to…
Over the past 30 years, technological developments have not only aOEected the design and operation of the port function, but also the organizational and institutional relationships within the port community. Two inter-organizational interaction models are presented, drawing on the ® ndings of over 200 in-depth interviews with senior managers representing terminal operators, shipping lines, fee…
The enormous potential of combined transport (rail-road) makes rail the main alternative to the transport of freight by road in the Europe. Unfortunately, the European railway network is strongly fragmented, having different bottleneck points. This paper presents research that centers on the transhipment tasks in the Port Bou terminal. This terminal is a bottleneck point because of the differen…
In this paper, an operational scheme based on a terminal option is adopted for movements of an Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV). An integer programming model is proposed to obtain optimal discrete locations of teminals along with guide path directions. Sensitivity analysis with respect to key parameters is provided. Various penalty parameters are recommended to gain insight into dimerent practica…
In many countries around the world, governments and public port authorities have retreated from port operations in the belief that enterprise-based port services and operations would allow for greater flexibility and efficiency in the market (through more competition) and a better response to consumers’ demands. In this new environment, the awarding of port terminals to private operators …
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the …
Trucks are the most popular transport equipment in most mega-terminals, and scheduling them to minimize makespan is a challenge that this article addresses and attempts to resolve. Specifically, the problem of scheduling a fleet of trucks to perform a set of transportation jobs with sequence dependent processing times and different ready times is investigated, and the use of a genetic algorithm…
This article addresses the problem of scheduling container transfer operations in rail terminals. The overall problem can be divided into three smaller problems: constructing a dual-cycle delivery task by matching inbound and outbound containers; determining parking positions for trucks; and sequencing the delivery tasks for transfer by the rail crane. This article provides a mathematical model…
Increasing global trade has created the need for efficient container ports. The goal of the port is to move containers as quickly as possible and at the least possible cost. Goods that are delayed at the port are inevitably tardy when delivered to the customer, and thus sanctioned by late charges. Two key activities in the port are (i) unloading of containers from truck and then storage in the …
This study aimed to determine the range of mean cumulative corticosteroid doses that could effectively palliate dyspnea in opioid-treated patients with terminal cancer and to investigate the demographic or biochemical factors predictive of corticosteroid responsiveness. To this end, responders and nonresponderswere comparedwith regard to corticosteroid dose and whether they had initiated opioid…
The problem of scheduling identical quay cranes moving along a common linear rail to handle containers for a ship is studied. The ship has a number of container-stacking compartments called bays, and only one quay crane can work on a bay at the same time. The objective of the scheduling problem is to find the work schedule for each quay crane which minimizes the ship’s stay time in port. Find…
In 1969 the first of Sydney's purpose-built container facilities in Port Jackson, the Seatainer terminal, became operational. Later, in 1973, the second terminal at Glebe Island, a common-user facility, shared the task of handling the container traffic for much of eastern Australia until the development of the new facilities in Botany Bay. The two terminals differed in almost every respect exce…
Road freight transportation has increased dramatically over recent years along with its impacts such as congestion, noise, and pollution. As a result, European and US governments have started policies to promote alternatives to road transportation, such as logistic chains containing a Short Sea Shipping (SSS) link. Road is, by definition, a more flexible means of transportation than shipping, w…
This paper deals with the importance of port choice and container terminal selection for deep-sea container carriers. The paper focuses on the research question: on what basis do deep-sea container operators select container ports (strategy) and container terminals (financial reasons) in the Hamburg–Le Havre range over others? In answering this research question, three dimensions are addresse…
The performance of marine terminals has generally been evaluated by comparing their actual throughputs with their optimum throughputs. The engineering approach that generally has been used to determine optimum throughputs may be appropriate when terminals have natural hinterlands. In a deregulated (competitive) environment in which the natural hinterlands of marine terminals have become diffuse…
Container terminal performance is largely determined by its design decisions, which include the number and type of quay cranes, stack cranes, transport vehicles, vehicle travel path and stack layout.We investigate the orientation of the stack layout (parallel or perpendicular to the quayside) on the throughput time performance of the terminals. Previous studies in this area typically use deter…
To be competitive with other modes of transport, railways need to be cost-effective. In order to become more competitive in the logistics sector, Indian Railways has taken new initiatives to improve their operations in recent years. A rail–truck intermodal transportation service for Indian Railways is described in this paper. The main focus of the research presented in this paper is on the jo…
The vessel-to-rail intermodal transfer of containers can be performed either within the marine terminal, called on-terminal or outside the marine terminals, called offterminal. The off-terminal is the common way of rail loading, whereby the marine containers are combined with other, non-maritime containers to achieve greater utilization of yard and rail equipment. The on-terminal transfer, a no…
A novel broadband dual-loop antenna is presented for the ultra high frequency (UHF) near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. Owing to the novel structure, the current distribution along the loop is kept in phase, as well as the metal terminals exert less influence on the z-orientation magnetic field. The antenna with novel terminals is described and the principle of operat…
The paper outlines the results of research aimed at developing an efficient simulation modelling capability for seaports and inland freight terminals. By providing the domain-oriented process of simulation modelling with a uniform and coherent methodological basis and integrating it with artificial intelligence concepts, it was possible to construct a powerful tool-TRANSNODE. This is a decision…
The state of the art in airport terminal design has essentially remained unchanged since the 1970s, relying on the use of detailed simulation together with empirical and statistical formulae for sizing the terminal. Air transport has altered considerably since then, with increased use of air travel for both business and leisure, together with the increased use of 'hub' terminals in which the te…
Yard planning is essential for efficient operations in container terminals, especially for ports with limited storage space. To improve the utilisation of space and the efficiency of container handling in a terminal, operators require flexible yard space planning strategies to manage job workloads and yard-to-berth transportation costs. In previous studies, the inter-related decision making pro…
This paper develops a theoretical model to analyze the congestion internalization of the shipping lines, taking into account the ‘knock on’ effect (i.e. the congestion delay passed on from one port-of-call to the next port-of-call). We find that with the presence of the knock-on effect, liners will operate less in terminals, and an increase of a liner’s operation in one terminal will decr…
Rail has increased its share of the British freight market in the past decade. One particular growth market has been intermodal traffic, where consignments are carried in unit loads (i.e. containers and swap bodies): these accounted for one-fifth of rail freight volumes in 2006/07. In this paper, the key trends are identified, considering both port and domestic services. A critical component of…
Increasing commercial and recreational pressures on urban waterfront lands, growing demand by seaports for back-up areas and changes in cargo-distribution concepts have caused the relocation of several port functions and the establishment of inland container terminals.
The competitiveness of a container terminal is highly conditioned by the time that container vessels spend on it. The proper scheduling of the quay cranes can reduce this time and allows a container terminal to be more attractive to shipping companies. The goal of the Quay Crane Scheduling Problem (QCSP) is to minimize the handling time of the available quay cranes when performing the tasks of …
This paper addresses a highly researched area, the reshuffling problem in ports, using a newparadigm-modified containership service order in light of credit risk assessment. Container stacking and reshuffling operations can cause ship delays and additional risk. In deep-sea terminals, outbound containers are tightly stacked according to the retrieval sequence. Due to lack of space, terminals st…
Much has been said of the importance of port and terminal integration in the supply chain. Authors have stressed the importance of agility to the port environment, which involves being proactive along supply chains, facilitation of intermodal integration, as well as organizational integration and partnership between ports and users. Despite the well articulated importance of the issues, littl…
Railway container terminals, where gantry cranes are responsible for loading and unloading containers between freight trains and yards, are important hubs of hinterland logistics transportation. Terminal managers confront the challenge in improving the efficiency of their service. As the most expensive equipment in a terminal, the operational performance of gantry cranes is a crucial factor. In…
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the service requirements of dedicated container terminals (DCTs). In this article, the service attributes (SAs) of DCTs were first discussed. A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model was then constructed to measure the users’ perceived importance and dissatisfaction for each of the SAs. Based on these two measurements, a revised importance-performanc…