A two-stage supply chain DEA model for measuring container-terminal efficiency

Despite the growing amount of research into container-port operations and efficiency, much of the literature on the subject treats container ports and terminals as black box systems without examining the structure of their transformation and production processes. Research on the network and multi-stage structure of container-terminal operating systems is scarce and its applications in the conte…

Hybrid approach for container terminals performances evaluation and analysis

Turnaround time, defined as the total time spent by a vessel within the port area, is one of the most important key performance measures for a container terminal. In this paper, the authors propose a hybrid approach based on simulation and genetic algorithms to investigate vessels’ turnaround time in a real container terminal under different scenarios characterised by increases in containers …

Technical Efficiency Analysis of Container Terminals in the Middle Eastern Re…

Despite an increasing number of studies on the efficiency of container terminals, their focus has mostly been on advanced and emerging markets. There are limited studies on container terminals in developing countries such as those of the Middle Eastern region, which are located in a critical geographic position in the international maritime route between the East and the West. Information on th…

Variable very large neighbourhood algorithms for truck sequencing at transshi…

This paper considers a scheduling problem motivated by transshipment terminals. Trucks delivering or picking up items at the terminal have to be sequenced. Here, inventory constraints must be considered, that is the current inventory level implied by initial inventory level, total pick up quantity up to this moment and total delivery quantity up to this moment must not be negative and must not …

The terminalization of supply chains: reassessing the role of terminals in po…

The paper discusses how logistics service providers are using terminals in their supply chains. It argues that an increasing ‘terminalization’ of supply chains is unfolding, whereby seaport and inland terminals are taking up a more active role in supply chains by increasingly confronting market players with operational considerations such as imposing berthing windows, dwell time charges, tr…

Scheduling material handling vehicles in a container terminal

Increasing global trade has created the need for efficient container ports. The goal of the port is to move containers as quickly as possible and at the least possible cost. Goods that are delayed at the port are inevitably tardy when delivered to the customer, and thus sanctioned by late charges. Two key activities in the port are (i) unloading of containers from truck and then storage in the …

Productivity of first-generation container terminals: Sydney, Australia

In 1969 the first of Sydney's purpose-built container facilities in Port Jackson, the Seatainer terminal, became operational. Later, in 1973, the second terminal at Glebe Island, a common-user facility, shared the task of handling the container traffic for much of eastern Australia until the development of the new facilities in Botany Bay. The two terminals differed in almost every respect exce…

Quality indicators and capacity calculation for RoRo terminals

Road freight transportation has increased dramatically over recent years along with its impacts such as congestion, noise, and pollution. As a result, European and US governments have started policies to promote alternatives to road transportation, such as logistic chains containing a Short Sea Shipping (SSS) link. Road is, by definition, a more flexible means of transportation than shipping, w…

Optimum throughput and performance evaluation of marine terminals

The performance of marine terminals has generally been evaluated by comparing their actual throughputs with their optimum throughputs. The engineering approach that generally has been used to determine optimum throughputs may be appropriate when terminals have natural hinterlands. In a deregulated (competitive) environment in which the natural hinterlands of marine terminals have become diffuse…

Methodological solutions for increased efficiency of modelling and simulation…

The paper outlines the results of research aimed at developing an efficient simulation modelling capability for seaports and inland freight terminals. By providing the domain-oriented process of simulation modelling with a uniform and coherent methodological basis and integrating it with artificial intelligence concepts, it was possible to construct a powerful tool-TRANSNODE. This is a decision…

Heuristic estimation of container stacking and reshuffling operations under t…

This paper addresses a highly researched area, the reshuffling problem in ports, using a newparadigm-modified containership service order in light of credit risk assessment. Container stacking and reshuffling operations can cause ship delays and additional risk. In deep-sea terminals, outbound containers are tightly stacked according to the retrieval sequence. Due to lack of space, terminals st…

Does trigger point mechanism create monopoly power for Hong Kong container te…

In recent years, the Hong Kong port has been challenged by the emergence of the Shenzhen port. This gives rise to a concern that the high terminal handling charges (THC) levied by the Hong Kong terminal operators are undermining the competitiveness of the Hong Kong port. As the major container terminals in both Hong Kong and Shenzhen are operated by the Hong Kong terminal operators, the monopol…

Determinants of Efficiency at Major Brazilian Port Terminals

This paper reports on the use of different approaches for measuring the efficiency of major Brazilian port terminals. Two of the most important approaches, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis), were performed on data collected from 25 terminals. The findings indicate that the majority of Brazilian terminals are running short on capacity due to the export boom t…

CONTAINER TERMINALS AND UTILISATION OF FACILITIES

The central subject of this paper is the efficiency of container terminals. Based on a database of European maritime, rail, and barge container terminals a technical efficien- cy analysis has been made. The analysis in this paper demonstrates that large differences in terminal efficiency can be found in Europe among maritime container terminals. Terminals that specialise in containers only perf…

Comparative evaluation of resource cycle strategies on operating and environm…

This paper examines the use of single and dual cycle operations for three types of resources, namely, quay cranes, vehicles, and yard cranes to improve the operating efficiency and reduce the energy consumption in a container terminal. Various cycle strategies are proposed and their corresponding estimation models, describing the stowage distributions of outbound and inbound containers on a shi…

Capacity Planning for Mega Container Terminals with Multi-Objective and Multi…

Container terminals play a signicant role as representative logistics facilities for contemporary trades by handling outbound, inbound, and transshipment containers to and from the sea (shipping liners) and the hinterland (consignees). Capacity planning is a fundamental decision process when constructing, expanding, or renovating a container terminal to meet the demand, and the outcome of this…

Aggregates cranes handling capacity of container terminals: the port of Kaohs…

This study looks at the degrees of interference for multiple cranes that work simultaneously at six major container terminals in the port of Kaohsiung. The results con®rm that there are di€ erent degrees of mutual crane interference among terminals where di€ erent operational modes are adapted in the container yards. RTG handling systems show a very high value of aggregate cranes exponent f…

A stochastic frontier model of the productive efficiency of Korean container …

A central objective of port privatization and/or deregulation policies is stimulating greater efficiency by engendering a more competitive market and commercial approach to management. Korea provides a prime example of a nation that is implementing such policies. Also, its ports play a pivotal role in world shipping, particularly in the ever-burgeoning container market. The success of these pol…

A stochastic frontier model of the efficiency of major container terminals in…

This paper applies a ‘port function matrix’ to analyse the administrative and ownership structures of major container ports in Asia. The relative efficiency of these ports is then assessed using the cross-sectional and panel data versions of the ‘stochastic frontier model’. The estimated efficiency measures are broadly similar for the two versions of the model tested. From the results o…

A simulation optimization approach for solving the dual-cycling problem in co…

Dual cycling is an operation technique whereby quay cranes perform loading and unloading operations simultaneously in the same ship bay. In this article, a mixedinteger programming model for quay crane dual-cycling scheduling is developed. The model considers the stowage plan of outbound containers and the operation sequence of quay cranes. To solve the model, a heuristic method, called bi-leve…

A new lease charging system for Busan container terminals: a historical case …

This paper aims to examine the inherent problems in the old lease charging system at Busan container terminals, to explore the factors and rationale, both theoretically and practically, for developing a reasonable lease calculation model, and to articulate the design of an efficient lease charging system to enhance throughputs. On the basis of the above achievements, implications for the newly …

Productivity changes in Chinese Container Terminals 2006–2011

In thepastdecades,nearlyalltheChinesecoastalprovincesandmunicipalitiesinvestedheavilyinthe construction ofseaportsandimplementedvariousfavourablepoliciestoimprovetheports'operations. How effectivelyhavetheseeffortsworked?ThispaperusesMalmquistproductivityindextodetermine and analyseproductivitychangeanditsdecompositioninChinesecoastalcontainerterminalsduring 2006–2011.We find thattheaveragegr…

Optimising Container Transfers at Multimodal Terminals

The use of containers have greatly reduced handling operations at ports and at all other transfer points, thus increasing the efficiency and speed of transportation. This was done in an attempt to cut down the cost of maritime transport, mainly by reducing cargo handling and costs, and ships’ time in port by speeding up handling operations. This paper discusses the major factors influencing …

Dynamic shipping and port development in the globalized economy volume 1 : ap…

Edisi

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ISBN/ISSN

978-1-137-51429-5

Deskripsi Fisik

xv, 229 p.

Judul Seri

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No. Panggil

TXT PO LEE d

Container terminals in South Korea: problems and panaceas

Korea has achieved remarkable economic growth over the last three decades. This has largely been due to the adoption of export-oriented economic policies. This economic development has resulted in a rapid increase in export and import cargoes. Since the foreign trade of Korea is carried predominantly by sea transport (approximately 99.8% in terms of volume), ports play a crucial role in this pr…

An efficiency analysis of cargo-handling operations at container terminals

In this paper, a Data Envelopment Analysis approach is used to assess the efficiency of cargo-handling operations at a container terminal and study the factors influencing it. The aim is to provide recommendations that would allow a container terminal to reach high technical efficiency scores, in order to increase its inner productivity. A three-stage methodological framework is proposed to ana…

Advanced methods for container stacking

In this paper, we study stacking policies for containers at an automated container terminal. It is motivated by the increasing pressure on terminal performance put forward by the increase in the size of container ships. We consider several variants of category stacking, where containers can be exchanged during the loading process. The categories facilitate both stacking and online optimization …

Genetic algorithms to schedule container transfers at multimodal terminals

Optimising the container transfer schedule at the multimodal terminals is known to be NP-hard, which implies that the best solution becomes computationally infeasible as problem sizes increase. Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques are used to reduce container handling/transfer times and ships' time at the port by speeding up handling operations. The GA is chosen due to the relatively good results …

A comparison between conventional and advanced handling systems for low volum…

In this paper a conventional low volume maritime terminal equipped with straddle carriers is compared against an advanced automatic stacking crane/automatic guided vehicle alternative. For both configurations a convenient layout was designed, a reasonable level of service (common for both terminals) was adopted, and the required amount of equipment was determined using computer simulation. The …

A framework to evaluate particulate matter emissions in bulk material ports: …

The objective of this work is to provide a framework for the evaluation of dust pollution as a result of bulk cargo terminal (BCT) operations. This comprises the formulation of a simplified but comprehensive model of BCT operation, which will be used as a base for dust emissions estimation. An implementation of the methodology is presented by performing the evaluation of dust emission in typica…

A genetic algorithm heuristic for solving the quay crane scheduling problem w…

One of the most important operations in marine container terminals is quay crane scheduling. The quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP) involves scheduling groups of containers to be loaded and unloaded by each quay crane. It also requires addressing practical issues such as minimum spacing between quay cranes and precedence relationships between container groups. This study addresses the QCSP wi…

Strategies for dispatching AGVs at automated seaport container terminals

Control of logistics operations at container terminals is an extremely complex task, especially if automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are employed. In AGV dispatching, the stochastic nature of the handling systems must be taken into account. For instance, handling times of quay and stacking cranes as well as release times of transportation orders are not exactly known in advance. We present a sim…

Container terminals and terminal operations

Over the recent years, the use of containers for intercontinental maritime transport has dramatically increased. Figure 1 exhibits the growth of world container turnover. Starting with 50 million twenty feet equivalent unit (TEU) in 1985, world container turnover has reached more than 350 million TEU in 2004. A further continuous increase is expected in the upcoming years, especially between As…

Effect of block width and storage yard layout on marine container terminal pe…

Block widths ranging from two to fifteen rows in a marine container terminal are evaluated by a fully-integrated, discrete event simulation model. Experiments consider dozens of yard configurations and four container terminal settings that are designed to reproduce the microscopic, stochastic, real-time environment at a multiple-berth facility. Results show that the quay crane rate is concave w…

Decision support for yard capacity, fleet composition, truck substitutability…

This paper presents the results of nine independent studies that link a seaport container terminal’s long-run average quay crane rate to various strategic and tactical decisions made by the terminal operating company. New numerical results on yard capacity, fleet composition, truck substitutability, and terminal scalability issues are obtained using a fully-integrated, discrete event simulati…

Loading and unloading operations in container terminals

We consider the problem of optimizing the time for loading and unloading containers to and from a ship at a container terminal, where containers are required to be transported by trucks between the ship and their designated locations in the container yard. Anoptimal algorithm and some efficient heuristics are developed to solve the problem with a single quay crane. The effectiveness of the heur…

A simulation model for gate operations in multi-purpose cargo terminals

A multi-purpose cargo terminal in a seaport contains necessary infrastructure to handle different types of cargo, such as container, dry bulk, general bulk, and Ro-Ro. Since such terminals generally have dedicated areas and equipment for different types of cargo, berth, and yard operations for each type of cargo can be considered separate. On the other hand, trucks that carry all types of cargo…

Development and simulation analysis of real-time yard crane control systems f…

As more and more container terminals open up all over theworld, terminal operators are discovering that they must increase quay crane work rates to remain competitive. In this paper, we develop a real-time yard crane control system and show that a terminal’s long-run average quay crane rate depends on the portion of this system that dispatches yard cranes in the storage area in real time. Sev…

Comparison of solution approaches for the train load planning problem in seap…

In this paper the train load planning problem arising in a seaport container terminal is considered. This problem consists in determining the optimal assignment of containers to wagon slots in order to maximize the train utilization and, at the same time, to minimize unproductive operations in the terminal. Different solution approaches based on a mathematical programming model are compared. Th…

Intermodal connectivity in Europe, an empirical exploration

In this paper we analyse the intermodal connectivity in Europe. The empirical analysis is to our knowledge the first empirical analysis of intermodal connections, and is based on a comprehensive database of intermodal connections in Europe. The paper focuses on rail and barge services, as they are the backbone of intermodal freight transport chains. The empirical analysis reveals that rail and …

Port privatization, efficiency and competitiveness: some empirical evidence f…

Few studies have investigated the quantitative relationship between port ownership structure and port efficiency with mixed results. This study applies a stochastic frontier model proposed by Battese and Coelli [Battese, G.E., Coelli, T.J., 1995. A model for technique inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics 20, 325–332], which inco…

Current practices in European ports on the awarding of seaport terminals to p…

The awarding of port services to private operators has become one of the most important tools for port authorities to retain some control on the organization and structure of the supply side of the terminal market. This paper discusses the awarding of terminals in European ports. The first part provides information on current practices of port authorities around Europe on tendering and contract…

Current practices in European ports on the awarding of seaport terminals to p…

The awarding of port services to private operators has become one of the most important tools for port authorities to retain some control on the organization and structure of the supply side of the terminal market. This paper discusses the awarding of terminals in European ports. The first part provides information on current practices of port authorities around Europe on tendering and contract…

Container terminal employees’ perceptions of the effects of sustainable sup…

Sustainability has become an important issue in container terminal operations. However, relatively little research has been conducted to assess its association with sustainable supply chainmanagement (SSCM). In this study, SSCM consists of internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration. We empirically examined the effects of internal sustainability practices and ext…

Company news alert - Indonesia set for trade gains as ap moller maersk signs …

APM Terminals (APMT) looks likely to expand into Indones ia after the company's parent, AP Moller-Maersk, s ig ned an inves tment deal with Indones ian port operator Pelindo II. Inves tment in Indones ia's port s ector is s orely needed, s o the potential inclus ion of APMT in the country's port s ector is g ood news . We hope the deal will allow Indones ia's port s ector to follow a s imilar d…

Evaluating impact of truck announcements on container stacking efficiency

Container stacking rules are an important factor in container terminal efficiency. We build on prior research and use a discrete-event simulation model to evaluate the impact of a truck announcement system on the performance of online container stacking rules. The information that is contained in the announcement, i.e., the expected departure time for an import container, can be used to schedul…

Improving the service operations of container terminals

In the relevant literature about container terminals (CTs), most studies focused on the internal operational management of CT operators. In practice, for improving the performance of CT operators, the external customers’ requirements should also be considered. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the improvement of service operations of CTs from users’ requirement perspectives.

The role of European «ro-ro» port terminals in the automotive supply chain …

The aim of this paper is concerned with the design and development of a functional framework for maritime mode integration in European automotive supply chain management when considering outbound distribution. Furthermore, it provides a readjustment of traditional concepts and terminology with findings that the role of ro-ro port terminals should be considered as decoupling points, poles and po…

Performance based stratification and clustering for benchmarking of container…

Benchmarking of container terminals is an important issue facing port management. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a multi-factor productivity measurement tool is generally used in assessing the relative efficiency of homogenous units and setting benchmark for inefficient units. Evaluation of container terminals by DEA produces limited set of efficient units which are reference to inef…

A decision support tool for container terminal optimization within the berth …

The article deals with a current problem faced by all ports: how to enable container terminals to keep up with the development of container ships, which, due to economies of scale, are constantly increasing in size. One solution that can help small container ports solve this problem is a use of a Decision Support Tool (DST). The DST is based on simulations and identifications of the container t…